| dc.description.abstract | This study successfully fabricated a self-expanding hydrogel foam using carboxymethyl
cellulose grafted with adipic dihydrazide (CMC-ADH) and oxidized xanthan gum (OXG). The
fabrication process utilizes a chemical foaming technique employing calcium carbonate and acetic
acid at varying concentrations. This reaction triggers the co-release of carbon dioxide concurrently
with the crosslinking reaction between CMC-ADH and OXG. This synergistic process leads to the
formation of a stable, interconnected network with micropores and macropores within the hydrogel
structure. In the characterization process, first, the foaming capacity was investigated by measuring
the foaming force and observing the foaming process under a microscope. Subsequently, the
mechanical and rheological properties of the hydrogel foams were analyzed using a texture
analyzer and a rheometer. At an optimal initial CO2 content of 80%, the resulting foams
demonstrate good mechanical properties, including increased volume expansion ratio, enhanced
stability, and improved compressive strength. Microscopic observation and the measured foaming
force further validate the successful creation of foams with well-dispersed bubbles generated by
the strong expansive force. Moreover, the introduction of montmorillonite (MMT) to the hydrogel
foam system also contributed to the more excellent mechanical properties of the material. Finally,
in vitro hemocompatibility and hemostasis tests via blood clotting time (BCI), blood clotting index
(BCI) as well as blood-tube-inversion method all confirmed the expandable hydrogel foam in this
study could act as a novel hemostatic device. These findings highlight the potential of this hydrogel
foam to overcome the limits of present treatments for noncompressible torso hemorrhage
(NCTH) by strengthening physical blood flow prevention as well as facilitating biochemical
hemostatic mechanisms. | en_US |
