In Vitro And In Vitro Investigation Of Anti-Urolithiatic Activity Of Ensete Glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman Seeds Extract

Abstract

Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman, is known as one of traditional herbs, commonly used for the treatment of kidney stone related problems in folk medicine. This study investigated the anti-urolithiatic activity of E. glaucum seeds aqueous extract through in vitro nucleation and aggregation assays as well as urolithiasis mouse model induced by sodium glyoxylate. The aqueous extract of E. glaucum seeds at concentration 1.25 mg/mL showed prominent inhibition of the initial phase nucleation by reducing the crystal size down to 6.19 µm2 compared to 13.28 µm2 of control crystal, also the extract could transform the crystal morphology from COM to COD properly. Besides, the extract reduced the number of crystals aggregations as the concentration increased. In vivo results showed that serum parameters consist of uric acid, creatinine, phosphorous, and urea at both day 7 and day 14 were significantly lower in pathological mice received the extract dose 400 mg/kg compared to pathological mice. Urolithiasis mice received the extract 400 mg/kg had low concentration of urine phosphorous, and urine calcium, while the level of magnesium was high at day 7 and 14. Histopathological examination showed that mice received dose 200 mg/kg did not improve the inflammatory cells and there was some calcification in the kidney. While dose 400 mg/kg administrated to mice for 14 days got a significant improvement to the kidney cell. These outcomes showed the efficiency of the aqueous extract of E. glaucum seeds in the prevention and treatment of renal stone disease. However, more research needed to be performed to clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of E. glaucum seeds in the management of urolithiasis disease.