| dc.description.abstract | This study delves into the evolving role of kappa-carrageenan, a polysaccharide from red
seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii), in the burgeoning global cosmetics industry, which is
increasingly focused on plant-based ingredients. The research aimed to scrutinize the impact
of extraction temperature on carrageenan's physicochemical and biological properties, offering
insights into its potential and limitations as a thickening, stabilizing, and water-binding agent
in cosmetics. High-temperature extraction resulted in increased carrageenan yield but also
reduced viscosity, moisture, and ash content. Notably, heavy metals, except mercury, were
detected in the extracted carrageenan, with arsenic and lead concentrations exceeding
acceptable levels. Infrared spectroscopy revealed temperature-induced chemical modifications,
specifically in the absorbance peak related to D-galactose-4-sulfate, a critical component in
carrageenan. Biological activity analyses were conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl
(DPPH) for antioxidant properties and bacterial growth assays for antibacterial effectiveness.
Carrageenan extracted at 60°C exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with its IC50 value
outperforming others. Additionally, it showed effective growth inhibition against
Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The study affirms carrageenan's multifunctional
capabilities, while highlighting the need for a nuanced approach to its extraction process. This
research serves as a critical foundation for future work aimed at optimizing marine-derived
ingredients in cosmetic formulations, catering to consumer demand for natural, yet effective,
products. | en_US |
