| dc.description.abstract | Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex synthesized by blue-green microalgae such as Spirulina
platensis. This pigment is used mainly as a natural color in the food industry. Previous studies have
demonstrated the potential health benefits of this natural pigment. The price of phycocyanin is an
essential determinant of its marketability. Objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different
factors, ultrasonic duration, and anti-discoloration agents on C-phycocyanin content to determine
optimal conditions for extraction and color protection of C-phycocyanin. The method used in this study
for phycocyanin quantification was a spectrophotometer at wavelengths 652nm and 620nm. The
extraction of phycocyanin was performed using distilled water, Visozyme L, phosphate buffer, and salt
(NaCl) in different ratios and ultrasound speeds of 40kHz for 10, 30, 60, and 120 min. The best
conditions for established sonication for C-phycocyanin extraction were at biomass: solvent ratio of
1:400 with NaCl, room temperature for 60 min. Under these conditions, it released a yield of 84.48mg/g
of dry biomass, a phycocyanin concentration of 2.82mg/ml, and a purity ratio (A620/A280) 1.35. The
highest phycocyanin, 54.65 mg/g, was extracted from dry biomass with water as a solvent using an
ultrasonication bar (Khandual, Sanghamitra, et al., 2021). A purity of 0.7 is considered to be food grade,
3.9 is considered to be reactive grade and 4.0 or greater is considered to be analytical grade (Wu, Hua Lian, et al., 2016). In addition, complexes with vitamin C and polysaccharides showed that vitamin C
could retain color and resulted in less yield loss (24.24%) after 20 days compared with the other samples.
C-Phycocyanin has been used as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment for its structure and
pharmacological security, avoiding oxidative stress and cell damage (Romay et al. 2003). It has been
reported as neuroprotective (Rimbau et al. 1999; Romay et al. 2003), nephroprotective (Rodríguez Sánchez et al. 2012; Memije-Lazaro et al. 2018; Rojas-Franco et al. 2018, 2021), hepatoprotective
(Sathyasaikumar et al. 2007; Ou et al. 2010), as well in fact the C-phycocyanin prevents oxidative
stress and cell damage in vitro as the hypoxia model employing myoblast cell line H9c2 (Gao et al.
2019) or doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in adult ventricular cardiomyocyte culture (Khan,
Varadharaj, Ganesan, et al. 2006). Moreover, an in vivo model of ischaemia/reperfusion with isolated
rat hearts has also been studied (Khan, Varadharaj, Shobha, et al. 2006). The aim of this review was to
test different factors for optimal phycocyanin extraction affecting the purity and stability of
phycocyanin and the agents affecting the color stabilization of phycocyanin. | en_US |
