| dc.description.abstract | Organic waste disposal can cause a negative impact on the environment and public health.
One of the approaches that can efficiently convert OW into value-added products is solid state fermentation (SSF). This study evaluated the feasibility of SSF to increase total
phenolic content (TPC) in the extract of eight waste materials that have not been utilized
in SSF for increasing bioactive value, including mangosteen peel, avocado peel, peanut
shell, custard apple peel, winter melon peel, papaya peel, tangerine peel, and pumpkin
peel. After SSF, TPC in pumpkin peel extract (PPE) was shown to be significantly
enhanced, whereas TPC in the extract from other materials remained unchanged.
Therefore, the fermentation and extraction conditions for the highest TPC in PPE were
further evaluated. Specifically, SSF conditions for the highest TPC in PPE were
determined as follows: 4 days, 30°C, and 50% for fermentation time, temperature, and
moisture content, respectively. Post-SSF extraction conditions for the highest TPC in PPE
were identified as 70% and 6.7, corresponding to solvent concentration and solvent-to solid ratio (mL/g), respectively. Phytochemical composition alterations after SSF were
also determined and there was an undetectable level of mycotoxins in fermented PPE.
Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of PPE was significantly enhanced after SSF,
suggesting the potential applications in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. | en_US |
