| dc.description.abstract | The study explored the application of bixin extraction method with the assistance of
ultrasound waves to enhance the efficiency of extracting dried annatto, using
vegetable oil as a solvent. Various factors, such as type of oil, solvent-to-sample ratio,
temperature, extraction duration, and impact of ultrasound treatment, were
meticulously examined to investigate the optimal conditions. The extraction efficiency
was evaluated by measuring the bixin content using UV-vis spectroscopy. The highest
bixin recovery rate was determined at conditions as an 8:1 (mL/g) ratio – sunflower
oil and annatto powder, using sunflower oil, with an extraction yield of 2.17%. In
contrast, coconut oil and peanut oil exhibited lower extraction yields, specifically
1.88% and 1.90% respectively. In sunflower oil, numerous double bonds of
polyunsaturated fat enhance the polarity capacity. It causes more efficient solvents
for dissolving and extracting bixin than monounsaturated and saturated fat, presented
in peanut, and coconut oil, respectively. The conditions for the highest extraction yield
were found at 65°C for 60 minutes, where the bixin efficiency with ultrasound
treatment was 3.76% dry weight, significantly surpassing the non-ultrasound
extraction efficiency of 3.32%. Application of ultrasound in extraction facilitates the
release of bixin molecules, improving extraction yields while maintaining the
characteristic of the compound. The utilization of vegetable oil as solvents in
combination with ultrasound treatment presented notable improvement over
traditional extraction approaches. | en_US |
